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Hangulization Auxiliary Alphabet for English

Page history last edited by Brian Jongseong Park 15 years, 9 months ago

A guide to using Hangulization Auxiliary Alphabet for English

 

Symbols

b - bus /bəs/

č - cheap /čip/

d - dog /dog/

dz - kids /kidz/

ð - then /ðen/

f - find /faind/, graph /græf/

g - game /geim/

h - home /hom/

j - just /jəst/

k - kid /kid/, can /kæn/, quite /kwait/

l - last /læst/

m - make /meik/

n - name /neim/

ŋ - king /kiŋ/

p - pony /poni/

r - rest /rest/

s - sound /saund/

š - shine /šain/

t - talk /tok/

ts - eats /its/, pizza /pitsa/

þ - thin /þin/

v - vine /vain/

w - we /wi/

y - yes /yes/

z - zap /zæp ̚/

ž - measure /mežə/, azure /æžə/

a - father /faðə/

e - bed /bed/

i - slip /slip ̚/; sleep /slip/

o - rock /rok ̚/; law /lo/; show /šo/

u - put /put ̚/; noon /nun/

æ - cat /kæt ̚/

ə - tuck /tək ̚/; about /əbaut/

au - shout /šaut/, how /hau/

ai - five /faiv/, tight /tait/, sky /skai/

aiə - fire /faiə/

awə - power /pawə/, sour /sawə/

ei - pay /pei/, same /seim/, aid /eid/

oi - coin /koin/

iə - deer /diə/

eə - air /eə/, there /ðeə/

oə - door /doə/, four /foə/

uə - poor /puə/

 ̚ (upper-right corner symbol) - put /put ̚/

 

Notes

The consonants are pretty straightforward. The vowels are a trickier, since different vowel sounds of different varieties of English are collapsed and simplified when hangulized. In addition, the hangulization reflects more conservative pronunciations. Most Americans rhyme 'father' and 'bother', but we write /faðə/ and /boðə/ since other varieties of English keep the distinction between their sounds. Most speakers of English no longer distinguish 'for' and 'four', but we write /fo/ and /foə/. Note that the 'long o', which is actually a diphthong ([əʊ] in British English, [oʊ] in American English), is simply written /o/.

 

Some varieties of English pronounce written 'r' in all positions, while others pronounce 'r' only if it is followed by a vowel sound. When there is an 'r' that is 'dropped' by some speakers, do not transcribe it, e.g. far /fa/, ford /fod/.

 

For sounds that are written 'wh' but are pronounced [w] by some speakers and as [hw] (or more accurately [ʍ]) by others, transcribe /hw/, e.g. white /hwait/.

 

The upper-right corner symbol ̚ is attached to a plosive (/p/, /t/, or /k/) that follows a short vowel. Such plosives will be transcribed as unreleased stops in Korean, and the symbol is necessary to distinguish such pairs as 'bit' /bit ̚/ and 'beat' /bit/.

 

In names that end in '-a', transcribe /-a/ even when they represent a schwa vowel, e.g. Georgia /jorja/, Amelia /əmilia/.

 

In names that end in '-ton', always transcribe /-tən/, e.g. Johnston /jonstən/, Milton /miltən/.

 

In place names, '-land' is always transcribed /-lænd/ regardless of pronunciation, e.g. Scotland /skotlænd/, New Zealand /nju zilænd/.

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